Incidence of confusional syndrome (delirium) in a Latin American university hospital.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence of delirium and its subtypes in patients admitted to different departments of university hospitals in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of delirium and the frequency of its subtypes, as well as its associated factors, in patients admitted to different departments of a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: A cohort of patients over 18 years of age admitted to the internal medicine (IM), geriatrics (GU), general surgery (GSU), orthopaedics (OU) and intensive care unit (ICU) services of a university hospital was followed up between January and June 2018. To detect the presence of delirium, we used the CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) and the CAM-ICU if the patient had decreased communication skills. The delirium subtype was characterised using the RASS (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale). Patients were assessed on their admission date and then every two days until discharged from the hospital. Those in whom delirium was identified were referred for specialised intra-institutional interdisciplinary management. RESULTS: A total of 531 patients admitted during the period were assessed. The overall incidence of delirium was 12% (95% CI, 0.3-14.8). They represented 31.8% of patients in the GU, 15.6% in the ICU, 8.7% in IM, 5.1% in the OU, and 3.9% in the GSU. The most frequent clinical display was the mixed subtype, at 60.9%, followed by the normoactive subtype (34.4%) and the hypoactive subtype (4.7%). The factors most associated with delirium were age (adjusted RR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09), the presence of four or more comorbidities (adjusted RR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.31-3.20), and being a patient in the ICU (adjusted RR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22-3.35). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of delirium is heterogeneous in the different departments of the university hospital. The highest incidence occurred in patients that were admitted to the GU. The mixed subtype was the most frequent one, and the main associated factors were age, the presence of four or more comorbidities, and being an ICU patient.

How a single perioperative delirium case can make the difference.

This report describes how postoperative delirium in an elderly man during COVID-19 pandemic led to a serious event involving a central venous catheter. Delirium is a common cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality, and is characterised by an alteration in consciousness and perception and a reduced ability to focus, sustain or shift attention. The event was analysed by a multidisciplinary committee which developed a risk stratification delirium protocol in order to prevent similar events in the future.

Machine learning methods for developing a predictive model of the incidence of delirium in cardiac intensive care units.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Delirium, recognized as a crucial prognostic factor in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), has evolved in response to the changing demographics among critically ill cardiac patients. This study aimed to create a predictive model for delirium for patients in the CICU. METHODS: This study included consecutive patients admitted to the CICU of the Samsung Medical Center. To assess the candidate variables for the model: we applied the following machine learning methods: random forest, extreme gradient boosting, partial least squares, and Plmnet-elastic.net. After selecting relevant variables, we performed a logistic regression analysis to derive the model formula. Internal validation was conducted using 100-repeated hold-out validation. RESULTS: We analyzed 2774 patients, 677 (24.4%) of whom developed delirium in the CICU. Machine learning-based models showed good predictive performance. Clinically significant and frequently important predictors were selected to construct a delirium prediction scoring model for CICU patients. The model included albumin level, international normalized ratio, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein level, age, heart rate, and mechanical ventilation. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.861 (95%CI, 0.843-0.879). Similar results were obtained in internal validation with 100-repeated cross-validation (AUROC, 0.854; 95%CI, 0.826-0.883). CONCLUSIONS: Using variables frequently ranked as highly important in four machine learning methods, we created a novel delirium prediction model. This model could serve as a useful and simple tool for risk stratification for the occurrence of delirium at the patient's bedside in the CICU.

¿Un “nuevo” Perspectivismo? Delirio y verdad desde el punto de vista del Nuevo Realismo / A “New” Perspectivism? Delusion and Truth from the Point of View of the New Realism

El concepto de delirio ha sido tematizado ampliamente por la psiquiatría feno-menológica a lo largo del siglo XX. Por el contrario, su relación con la verdad aparece en su desarrollo filosófico un tanto volátil. Ya Jaspers advirtió de la futilidad de esta a la hora de definir el delirio. En la práctica, en cambio, sí que adquiere cierta significación y efectividad a la hora de un diagnóstico. En el presente ensayo se trata de emprender una exploración de la relación entre el delirio y la verdad a la luz de los principios filosóficos del Nuevo Realismo representado por Markus Gabriel y del perspectivismo orteguiano. Se intentará concluir que la relación entre ambos conceptos se decidirá en su valor para la vida. (AU)

The concept of delusion was widely discussed in the Psychiatry and Pheno-menology of the 20th century. In contrast, its relation to truth in its philosophical deve-lopment appears to be quite elusive. Jaspers warned about its futility in the definition of delusion. Nevertheless, from a practical perspective seems to play a meaningful, efficient role as a diagnostic indication. We pursue an investigation about delusion and truth in the light of Markus Gabriel’s New Realism and Ortega y Gasset’s Perspecti-vism. Finally, their relation will be decided in its value for life. (AU)

Disminución de la debilidad muscular adquirida en una unidad de cuidados intensivos con la implementación de un protocolo multicomponente: ensayo clínico cuasiexperimental

Introducción. La debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes con enfermedades críticas, que puede tener un impacto negativo en su pronóstico a corto y a largo plazo. Objetivos. Evaluar si la utilización de un protocolo multicomponente, que incluye movilidad activa temprana, manejo efectivo del dolor, reducción de la sedación, medidas no farmacológicas para prevenir el delirium, estimulación cognitiva y apoyo familiar, puede disminuir la incidencia de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al momento del egreso del paciente. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un ensayo clínico, no aleatorizado, en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos mixtas de un hospital de tercer nivel. Los participantes fueron pacientes mayores de 14 años con ventilación mecánica invasiva por más de 48 horas. Se aplicó como intervención un protocolo multicomponente y como control se utilizó el cuidado usual o estándar. Resultados. Ingresaron 188 pacientes al estudio, 82 al grupo de intervención y 106 al grupo control. La tasa de debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso de la unidad fue significativamente menor en el grupo de intervención (41,3 % versus 78,9 %, p<0,00001). La mediana del puntaje de movilidad al momento del alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue mayor en el grupo de intervención (3,5 versus 2, p<0,0138). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medianas de días libres de respiración mecánica asistida, ni de unidad de cuidados intensivos al día 28, tampoco en la tasa de mortalidad general al egreso del hospital (18 versus 15 días, p<0,49; 18,2 % versus 27,3 %, p<0,167). Conclusiones. Un protocolo multicomponente que incluía movilidad activa temprana tuvo un impacto significativo en la reducción de la debilidad adquirida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos al egreso en comparación con el cuidado estándar.

Introduction. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a frequent complication that affects the prognosis of critical illness during hospital stay and after hospital discharge. Objectives. To determine if a multicomponent protocol of early active mobility involving adequate pain control, non-sedation, non-pharmacologic delirium prevention, cognitive stimulation, and family support, reduces intensive care unit-acquired weakness at the moment of discharge. Materials and methods. We carried out a non-randomized clinical trial in two mixed intensive care units in a high-complexity hospital, including patients over 14 years old with invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. We compared the intervention -the multicomponent protocol- during intensive care hospitalization versus the standard care. Results. We analyzed 82 patients in the intervention group and 106 in the control group. Muscle weakness acquired in the intensive care unit at the moment of discharge was less frequent in the intervention group (41.3% versus 78.9%, p<0.00001). The mobility score at intensive unit care discharge was better in the intervention group (median = 3.5 versus 2, p < 0.0138). There were no statistically significant differences in the invasive mechanical ventilation-free days at day 28 (18 versus 15 days, p<0.49), and neither in the mortality (18.2 versus 27.3%, p<0.167). Conclusion. A multi-component protocol of early active mobility significantly reduces intensive care unit-acquired muscle weakness at the moment of discharge.

Microteoría de enfermería en la prevención del delirium en personas mayores en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Nursing microtheory in the prevention of delirium in older adult in the intensive care unit / Microteoria de enfermagem na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na unidade de terapia intensiva

Objetivo: describir una microteoría para cuidados de enfermería en la prevención del delirio en personas mayores en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Método: investigación teórica prescriptiva, basada en la subconstrucción. Se dedujeron constructos del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy y se indujeron datos del fenómeno de cuidados de enfermería en la prevención del delirium en personas mayores en cuidados intensivos, a partir de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Resultados: la microteoría posee sistema teórico, operativo y modelo de cuidado. En el sistema teórico se utilizaron los constructos estímulo focal y contextual de Roy. A partir de ellos, se elaboraron los conceptos de cuidado focal y contextual y la variable respuesta adaptativa a la prevención. De las declaraciones relacionales se elaboraron cuatro axiomas, dos postulados, ocho proposiciones y una presuposición epistémica. En el sistema operativo se establecieron dos indicadores empíricos: el Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units y el historial demográfico/clínico de las personas mayores. Posteriormente, se produjeron dos declaraciones transformacionales, cuatro hipótesis y el modelo de cuidado representado en figura. Conclusión: la microteoría producida prescribe cuidados en la prevención del delirium en personas mayores en cuidados intensivos, por un constructo de interés para la enfermería, y permite intervenciones en el desarrollo de instrumentos que guían la actuación de la enfermería.

Objective: to describe a microtheory for nursing care in the prevention of delirium in older adult in the intensive care unit. Method: prescriptive theoretical research, based on substruction. Roy's Adaptation Model constructs were deduced and data from the phenomenon of nursing care in the prevention of delirium in older adult in intensive care were induced, based on an integrative literature review. Results: the microtheory has a theoretical and operational system and a model of care. In the theoretical system, Roy's focal and contextual stimulus constructs were used. From them, the concepts of focal and contextual care and the variable adaptive response to prevention were elaborated. From the relational statements, four axioms, two postulates, eight propositions and an epistemic assumption were elaborated. Two empirical indicators were established in the operating system: the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units and the demographic/clinical history of the older adult. Subsequently, two transformational statements, four hypotheses and the model of care represented in figure were produced. Conclusion: the microtheory produced prescribes care in the prevention of delirium in older adult in intensive care, through a construct of interest to nursing, and allows interceptions for the development of instruments that guide nursing activities.

Objetivo: descrever uma microteoria para cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: pesquisa teórica prescritiva, baseada na substrução. Foram deduzidos construtos do Modelo de Adaptação de Roy e induzidos dados do fenômeno dos cuidados de enfermagem na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na terapia intensiva, a partir de revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados: a microteoria possui sistema teórico, operacional e modelo de cuidado. No sistema teórico utilizaram-se os construtos estímulo focal e contextual de Roy. A partir deles elaboraram-se os conceitos de cuidado focal, contextual e a variável resposta adaptativa à prevenção. Das declarações relacionais elaboraram-se quatro axiomas, dois postulados, oito proposições e um pressuposto epistêmico. No sistema operacional, estabeleceram-se dois indicadores empíricos: o Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Units e o histórico demográfico/clínico das pessoas idosas. Posteriormente, produziram-se duas declarações transformacionais, quatro hipóteses e o modelo de cuidado representado em figura. Conclusão: a microteoria produzida prescreve cuidados na prevenção do delirium em pessoas idosas na terapia intensiva, por um construto de interesse para a enfermagem, além de permitir interceptações ao desenvolvimento de instrumentos que norteiam a atuação da enfermagem

Estrategias de analgesia, sedación, delirium y confort individualizado en el enfermo crítico: Una revisión narrativa / Individualised analgesia, sedation, delirium and comfort management strategies in the ICU: a narrative review

Este grupo es producto del acuerdo de colaboración firmado por la Sociedad de Medicina Intensiva de Madrid (SOMIAMA) y la Sociedad de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor de Madrid (SAR MADRID), por el que las organizaciones acordaron crear grupos de trabajo conjuntos para mejorar la atención al paciente crítico.El dolor, el malestar, la agitación y el delirio causan sufrimiento, retrasan el alta y pueden provocar complicaciones graves en los pacientes ingresados en las unidades de cuidados críticos médicos y quirúrgicos y en las unidades de cuidados postanestésicos. Los principales objetivos en este tipo de unidades incluyen: asegurar el confort de los pacientes que sufren o se recuperan de una enfermedad crítica. Evitar las complicaciones asociadas a las medidas, sobre todo farmacológicas, adoptadas para asegurar ese confort. (AU)

This group is a product of the collaboration agreement signed by Sociedad de Medicina Intensiva de Madrid (SOMIAMA) and Sociedad de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor de Madrid (SAR MADRID), under which the organisations agreed to create joint working groups to improve critical patient care.Pain, discomfort, agitation, and delirium cause suffering, delay discharge, and can lead to serious complications in patients admitted to medical and surgical critical care units and post-anaesthesia care units. The main objectives in this type of unit include: Ensuring the comfort of patients suffering or recovering from a critical illness. Avoiding complications associated with the measures, particularly pharmacological, taken to ensure that comfort. (AU)

Validation of Nursing Outcome Indicators in Patients with Postsurgical Delirium / Validación de indicadores de resultados enfermeros en pacientes con delirium postquirúrgico / Validação de indicadores de resultados de enfermagem em pacientes com delirium pós-cirúrgico

Objective. To validate the content of the indicators proposed from the Nursing Outcome Classification in a care plan for delirium management in older adults. Methods. Content validity study, conducted under the expert judgment technique. The procedure was developed in five moments: organization of indicators that respond to the nursing outcome classification for delirium management, support with literature of the indicators that responds to the result, selection of experts, establishment of agreements, and discussion. Quality criteria evaluated: pertinence and relevance, the Content Validity Coefficient and average scores assigned by the experts were calculated. Results. The study had the participation of 14 experts. The indicators, according to criteria of pertinence and relevance evaluated by experts showed a global average content index value of 0.93; 97.05% (66) of the indicators had Content Validity Coefficient > 0.75. Conclusion. The quantitative findings of the indicator validation process showed high relevance and pertinence index, which favors their being applied to measure care changes in patients with delirium.

Objetivo. Validar el contenido de los indicadores propuestos a partir de Nursing Outcome Classification en un plan de cuidados para el manejo de delirium en los adultos mayores. Métodos. Estudio de validación de contenido realizado bajo la técnica de juicio de expertos. El procedimiento se desarrolló en cinco momentos: organización de los indicadores que responden a la clasificación de resultados de enfermería para manejo de delirium, soporte con literatura de los indicadores que responde al resultado, selección de expertos, establecimiento de acuerdos y discusión. Criterios de calidad evaluados: pertinencia y relevancia. Se calculó el Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido, así como los promedios de los puntajes asignados por los expertos. Resultados. Se contó con la participación de 14 expertos. Los indicadores según los criterios de pertinencia y relevancia evaluados por expertos mostraron un valor global promedio de índice de contenido de 0.93. El 97.05% (66) de los indicadores presentaron Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido mayor a 0.75. Conclusión. Los hallazgos cuantitativos del proceso de validación de los indicadores mostraron alto índice de relevancia y pertinencia lo que favorece que puedan ser aplicados para medir cambios de cuidado en los pacientes con delirium.

Objetivo. Validar o conteúdo dos indicadores propostos pela Classificação dos Resultados de Enfermagem em um plano de cuidados para o manejo do delirium em idosos. Métodos. Estudo de validação de conteúdo, realizado através da técnica de julgamento de especialistas. O procedimento foi desenvolvido em 5 momentos: organização dos indicadores que respondem à classificação dos resultados de enfermagem para manejo do delirium, suporte com literatura dos indicadores que respondem ao resultado, seleção de especialistas, estabelecimento de acordos e discussão. Foram calculados os critérios de qualidade avaliados: relevância e pertinência, o Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo e as médias das notas atribuídas pelos especialistas. Resultados. Participaram 14 especialistas. Os indicadores segundo os critérios de relevância e pertinência avaliados por especialistas apresentaram valor médio do índice de conteúdo global de 0.93. O 97.05% (66) dos indicadores apresentaram Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 0.75. Conclusão. Os achados quantitativos do processo de validação dos indicadores apresentaram alto índice de relevância e pertinência, o que favorece sua aplicação para mensurar mudanças no cuidado de pacientes com delirium.

Estudio cuasi-experimental sobre intervenciones enfermeras en la valoración, manejo y prevención del síndrome confusional agudo / Quasi-experimental study on nursing interventions in the assessment, management and prevention of acute confusional syndrome

Fundamentos: El síndrome confusional agudo (SCA) es una de las complicaciones con mayor morbimortalidad en las unidades de hospitalización, pero es una situación reversible si se detecta a tiempo, representando un claro desafío para la enfermería. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron valorar previa y posteriormente las intervenciones realizadas por las enfermeras para la identificación y la adopción de las medidas preventivas no farmacológicas aplicadas en el síndrome confusional agudo, así como relacionarlas con los años de experiencia profesional y la formación recibida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, prospectivo y analítico a través de cuestionario estructurado autoadministrado pre-post intervención (extraído de la JBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) sobre la identificación y las medidas preventivas aplicadas en el SCA. Se distribuyeron un total de quinientos veinte cuestionarios (valoración pre y post) a enfermeras del servicio de Urgencias y la unidad de medicina interna del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza (Aragón, España) de enero de 2021 a abril de 2022. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programaJamovi® 2.3.13. Resultados: Se recibieron ciento ochenta cuestionarios cumplimentados correctamente (noventa y cuatro pre y ochenta y seis post). Para el 100%, el SCA supuso una carga de trabajo extra y se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la capacidad de manejo de SCA con los años de experiencia profesional (p=<0,028). El 97,2% de las enfermeras aplicaron intervenciones no farmacológicas. Conclusiones: A pesar de percibirse como una carga extra en el trabajo diario, las enfermeras realizan prevenciones no farmacológicas para el manejo del SCA. Es necesario mejorar la formación para proporcionar estrategias de orientación.(AU)

Background: Acute confusional syndrome (ACS) is one of the complications with the highest morbidity and mortality in hospitalization units, but it is a reversible situation if detected early, representing a clear challenge for nursing. The objectives of this studywere to assess the interventions carried out by nurses for the identification and non-pharmacological preventive measures applied inacute confusional syndrome and relate them to the years of professional experience and training received.Methods: A quasi-experimental, prospective and analytical study was carried out through a selfdministered structured questionnaire pre-post intervention (extracted from theJBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) on the identificationand preventive measures applied in ACS. A total of 520 questionnaires (pre and post assessment) were distributed to nurses from theemergency department and the internal medicine unit of the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza (Aragón, Spain) from January2021 to April 2022. Statistical analysis carried out with the programJamovi®2.3.13.Results: 180 correctly completed questionnaires (94 pre and 86 post) were received. For 100%, the ACS supposed an extra workload and significant differences were found between the ability to manage ACS with the years of professional experience (p=<0.028).97.2% of the nurses applied non-pharmacological interventions.Conclusions: Despite being perceived as an extra burden in daily work, nurses perform nonpharmacological prevention for themanagement of ACS. It is necessary to improve training to provide guidance strategies.(AU)

Síndrome confusional agudo y confusional subsindromático en terapia intensiva: evolución intrahospitalaria y a los tres meses del alta / Delirium and subsyndromal delirium in the intensive care unit: In-hospital outcomes and prognosis at discharge

Antecedentes y objetivo Las características y la evolución de los pacientes con confusional subsindromático (CSS) en la internación aún continúa en discusión. El objetivo fue describir la incidencia de síndrome confusional agudo (SCA) y CSS en terapia intensiva (UTI), analizar su asociación con la presencia de factores de riesgo y explorar diferencias en la evolución hospitalaria y a los tres meses del alta. Pacientes y métodos Estudio prospectivo con seguimiento telefónico tres meses luego del alta. Se aplicó el CAM-ICU para definir tres grupos: sin delirio (de referencia), CSS y SCA. Resultados En 270 pacientes, el 22,96% presentaron SCA y el 17,03%, CSS. Factores relacionados con mayor riesgo de SCA: deterioro cognitivo (p=0,000), edad ≥75años (p=0,019), motivo de ingreso neurológico (p=0,003), shock (p=0,043), escaras (p=0,010), polifarmacia (0,017), ARM (p=0,001) y reposo digestivo (p=0,028); con mayor riesgo de CSS: baja escolaridad (p=0,014), Charlson >5 (p=0,028), AIVD <8 (p=0,001), alimentación enteral (p=0,000) y motivo de ingreso no cardiovascular (p=0,019). La mortalidad global fue del 6% en el grupo sin delirio, del 8% en CSS (p=0,516) y del 30% en SCA (p=0,000). La mediana de internación en UTI fue de 2días (rango 1-2) en el grupo sin delirio, 3 (2-4) días en CSS (p=0,0001) y 3 (2-7) días en SCA (p=0,0001). A los tres meses del alta, las AIVD estaban conservadas en el 50% del grupo sin delirio, en el 30% de CSS (p=0,026) y en el 26% de SCA (p=0,005). Conclusiones El CSS presentó un pronóstico intermedio entre el grupo sin delirio y el SCA. Se aconseja su diagnóstico para mejor clasificación de riesgo (AU)

Background and objective The characteristics and outcomes of patients with subsyndromal delirium (SSD) at hospitalization are still under discussion. The objectives were to describe the incidence of delirium and SSD in the intensive care unit (ICU), to analyze the association with risk factors and to explore outcomes of delirium and SSD at hospitalization and three months after discharge. Patients and methods A prospective study, with telephone follow-up three months after discharge. The study included 270 patients over one year. Delirium and SSD were assessed with the CAM-ICU. Results 22.96% developed delirium and 17.03% SSD. The main risk factors associated with the development of delirium were cognitive impairment (P=.000), age ≥75years (P=.019), neurological admission (P=.003), shock (P=.043), bedsores (P=.010), polypharmacy (P=.017), ARM (P=.001) and fast (P=.028), and with the development of SSD were low schooling (P=.014), Charlson >5 (P=.028), AIVD <8 (P=.001), enteral feeding (P=.000) and non-cardiovascular admission (P=.019). Overall mortality was 6% in the group without delirium (reference), 8% in SSD (P=.516) and 30% in delirium (P=.000). Median ICU length of stay was 2 (IQR, 1-2) days in the group without delirium, 3 (IQR, 2-4) days in SSD (P=.0001), and 3 (IQR, 2-7) days in delirium group (P=.0001). Three months after discharge, instrumental ADL were preserved in 50% of the group without delirium, 30% of SSD (P=.026) and 26% of delirium (P=.005). Conclusions The SSD group presented an intermediate prognosis between no delirium and delirium groups. It is advisable to promote its diagnosis for better risk classification (AU)

Agitación o delirio postoperatorio en pediatría. ¿Qué sabemos y cómo evitarlo? / Postoperative agitation or delirium in paediatric patients. What we know and how to avoid it

Se denomina agitación o delirio postoperatorio al estado de alteración de la conciencia que se presenta tras la cirugía y que afecta especialmente al paciente pediátrico. Presenta una incidencia nada despreciable, alcanzando el 80% de los casos en determinados estudios. Frecuentemente es confundido con otras entidades clínicas, por lo que se ha validado una escala que facilita su diagnóstico. Entre sus factores de riesgo destaca la edad inferior a 5años, la presencia de dolor tras la cirugía y, especialmente, la ansiedad intensa preoperatoria. El delirio postoperatorio se presenta como un evento adverso tras una intervención quirúrgica y tiene influencia en la seguridad del paciente, aumentando considerablemente su comorbilidad. Es fundamental reconocer la entidad, así como sus factores de riesgo, para aplicar medidas de prevención eficaces que disminuyan su incidencia y su intensidad cuando esta se presenta. (AU)

The state of altered consciousness that occurs after surgery, particularly in paediatric patients, is called emergence delirium or postoperative agitation, and some studies report an incidence of up to 80%. This high incidence is due to clinicians frequently mistaking this phenomenon for other clinical entities, and to avoid this confusion a scale has been validated to facilitate diagnosis. The main risk factors include age under 5years, postoperative pain, and particularly, intense preoperative anxiety. Paediatric emergence delirium is an adverse postoperative event that significantly increases comorbidity. It is essential to recognize this entity and its risk factors in order to apply effective preventive measures to reduce both incidence and intensity. (AU)

Postoperative agitation or delirium in paediatric patients. What we know and how to avoid it.

Emergence delirium or postoperative agitation is the name given to the state of altered consciousness that occurs after surgery and especially affects pediatric patients. Its incidence is not negligible, reaching 80% of cases in certain studies. It is frequently confused with other clinical entities, for which reason a scale has been validated to facilitate its diagnosis. Risk factors include age under 5 years, the presence of pain after surgery and especially intense preoperative anxiety. Pediatric emergence delirium presents as an adverse event after surgery and influences patient safety by significantly increasing patient comorbidity. It is essential to recognize the entity, as well as its risk factors, in order to apply effective preventive measures to reduce its incidence and intensity when it occurs.

Individualised analgesia, sedation, delirium and comfort management strategies in the ICU: a narrative review.

This group is a product of the collaboration agreement signed by SOMIAMA (Sociedad de Medicina Intensiva de Madrid) and SAR MADRID (Sociedad de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor de Madrid) under which the organisations agreed to create joint working groups to improve critical patient care. Pain, discomfort, agitation, and delirium cause suffering, delay discharge, and can lead to serious complications in patients admitted to medical and surgical critical care units and post-anaesthesia care units. The main objectives in this type of unit include: Ensuring the comfort of patients suffering or recovering from a critical illness.Avoiding complications associated with the measures, particularly pharmacological, taken to ensure that comfort.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese / Tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para língua portuguesa

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium anchor points from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: For the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points, all steps recommended internationally were followed after authorization for use by the lead author. The stages were as follows: translation of the original version into Portuguese by two bilingual translators who were native speakers of the target language, synthesis of the versions, reverse translation by two translators who were native speakers of the source language, review and synthesis of the back-translation, review by a committee of experts and preparation of the final version. Results: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points was conducted in accordance with recommendations. The linguistic and semantic issues that arose were discussed by a committee of judges, with 91.8% agreement, as determined using a Likert scale, after changes by consensus. After reanalysis by the authors, there were no changes, resulting in the final version, which was easy to understand and administer. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the anchor points of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale into Portuguese spoken in Brazil were successful, maintaining the linguistic and semantic properties of the original instrument. The table of anchor points is easy to understand and will be helpful during the assessment of children younger than 24 months using the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scale.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium do inglês para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu todas as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente após a autorização de uso pela autora principal. As etapas foram: tradução da versão original para língua portuguesa por dois tradutores bilíngues nativos do idioma-alvo; síntese das versões; tradução reversa por dois tradutores nativos do idioma de origem; revisão e síntese da retradução; revisão por um comitê de juízes formado por especialistas e elaboração da versão final. Resultados: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras seguiu as recomendações. As questões linguísticas e semânticas que surgiram foram discutidas pelo comitê de juízes, no qual se observou concordância de 91,8% pela escala de Likert com pequenas alterações de forma consensual. Após reanálise dos autores, não houve alterações, resultando na versão final, de fácil compreensão e administração. Conclusão: A tradução e a adaptação transcultural dos pontos âncoras da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil foram bem-sucedidas com manutenção das propriedades linguísticas e semânticas do instrumento original. A tabela dos pontos âncoras mostrou ser de fácil compreensão e auxílio durante a avaliação das crianças abaixo de 24 meses por meio da escala de Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium.

Delirium and subsyndromal delirium in the intensive care unit: In-hospital outcomes and prognosis at discharge. / Síndrome confusional agudo y confusional subsindromático en terapia intensiva: evolución intrahospitalaria y a los tres meses del alta.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The characteristics and outcomes of patients with subsyndromal delirium (SSD) at hospitalization are still under discussion. The objectives were to describe the incidence of delirium and SSD in the intensive care unit (ICU), to analyze the association with risk factors and to explore outcomes of delirium and SSD at hospitalization and three months after discharge. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study, with telephone follow-up three months after discharge. The study included 270 patients over one year. Delirium and SSD were assessed with the CAM-ICU. RESULTS: 22.96% developed delirium and 17.03% SSD. The main risk factors associated with the development of delirium were cognitive impairment (P=.000), age ≥75years (P=.019), neurological admission (P=.003), shock (P=.043), bedsores (P=.010), polypharmacy (P=.017), ARM (P=.001) and fast (P=.028), and with the development of SSD were low schooling (P=.014), Charlson >5 (P=.028), AIVD <8 (P=.001), enteral feeding (P=.000) and non-cardiovascular admission (P=.019). Overall mortality was 6% in the group without delirium (reference), 8% in SSD (P=.516) and 30% in delirium (P=.000). Median ICU length of stay was 2 (IQR, 1-2) days in the group without delirium, 3 (IQR, 2-4) days in SSD (P=.0001), and 3 (IQR, 2-7) days in delirium group (P=.0001). Three months after discharge, instrumental ADL were preserved in 50% of the group without delirium, 30% of SSD (P=.026) and 26% of delirium (P=.005). CONCLUSIONS: The SSD group presented an intermediate prognosis between no delirium and delirium groups. It is advisable to promote its diagnosis for better risk classification.

Premedication with midazolam in low-risk surgery in children does not reduce postoperative delirium. Prospective cohort study

Introduction: Pediatric postoperative delirium is a frequent complication for which preventive pharmacological measures have been suggested. The use of midazolam as a prophylactic strategy has not yet been thoroughly assessed. Notwithstanding the fact that it is used in pediatric presurgical separation anxiety, its role in delirium is yet to be established. Objective: To quantify the incidence of pediatric postoperative delirium in patients undergoing low risk surgical interventions, exposed to oral midazolam-based premedication and to explore the protective and risk factors associated with the development of delirium. Methods: Prospective, analytical observational study with a cohort design. Children were conveniently selected in accordance with the daily list of surgical procedures in the operating rooms. The inclusion criteria were children between 2 and 10 years old, ASA I-II, undergoing low risk surgeries. Concurrent and longitudinal follow-up was then conducted upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) for the first hour. Results: A total of 518 children were included. The overall incidence of delirium was 14.4 % (95 % CI: 11.4 %-17.5 %). In the subgroup exposed to midazolam, 178 children were analyzed, with an incidence of delirium of 16.2% (95% CI of 10,8 %-21,7). These patients exhibited a higher tendency to delirium with the use of sevoflurane or fentanyl, and/orwhen presenting with severe postoperative pain. Patients exposed to propofol and/or remifentanil showed lower incidences. Conclusions: No reduction in the incidence of emergency pediatric delirium associated with the use of pre-surgical oral midazolam in low risk surgical procedures. Prospective controlled trials and additional research are required to study the effectiveness and safety of this intervention.

Introducción: El delirio pediátrico posoperatorio es una complicación frecuente para la cual se han sugerido medidas farmacológicas de prevención. El uso de midazolam como estrategia profiláctica aún no ha sido suficientemente evaluado. A pesar de que se emplea para la ansiedad de separación pediátrica prequirúrgica, su papel en delirio aún no se ha establecido. Objetivo: Cuantificar la incidencia de delirio pediátrico posoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugías de bajo riesgo quirúrgico, expuestos a premedicación basada en midazolam oral y adicionalmente, explorar los factores protectores y de riesgo asociados a la ocurrencia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico prospectivo con un diseño de cohorte. Se seleccionaron niños por conveniencia de acuerdo con la lista quirúrgica diaria en salas de cirugía. Como criterios de inclusión se tomaron sujetos entre 2 y 10 años de edad, ASA 1-11, sometidos a cirugías de bajo riesgo quirúrgico. Posteriormente se realizó seguimiento concurrente y longitudinal al ingreso a la unidad de recuperación posanestésica (UCPA) durante la primera hora de estancia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 518 niños. La incidencia global de delirio fue del 14,4 % (IC 95 %;11,4 %-17,5 %). En el subgrupo expuesto a midazolam se analizaron 178 niños, quienes presentaron una incidencia de delirio del 16,2 % (IC 95 %;10,8 %-21,7 %). Estos pacientes presentaron una mayor tendencia a delirio con el uso de sevofluorano o fentanilo, y/o cuando presentaron dolor severo posoperatorio. Pacientes con exposición a propofol y/o remifentanilo exhibieron incidencias inferiores. Conclusiones: No se encontró una reducción en la incidencia de delirio pediátrico de emergencia asociada al empleo de midazolam oral prequirúrgico en cirugías de bajo riesgo. Se requieren estudios prospectivos controlados e investigación adicional para el estudio de la efectividad y seguridad de esta intervención.

Validation to Spanish of nursing assessment scale for early diagnosis of delirium - Nu-DESC / Validación al español de la escala de valoración de enfermería para diagnóstico temprano de delirium - Nu-DESC / Validação para o espanhol da escala de avaliação de enfermagem para diagnóstico precoce de delirium - Nu - DESC

Objective. This work aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Colombian Spanish version of the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC). Methods.A psychometric study was conducted to achieve the goal of this study, which measured face validity, content validity, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the Nu-DESC. Results. Face validity obtained a total Aiken V of 0.89, and content validity showed a modified Lawshe index of 0.92. When Nu-DESC was applied to 210 adult patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit, it was found that 14.2% had suspected delirium. The instrument showed a sensitivity of 91.6%, specificity of 95.6%, positive predictive value of 73.3%, negative predictive value of 98.8%, good internal consistency with Cronbach's α of 0.8 and good concordance according to Cohen's Kappa index of 0.788. Conclusion. The Spanish version of the Nu-DESC scale for Colombia has appropriate psychometric values for assessing delirium risk. In addition, this scale is easy to apply, so the adaptation of nursing personnel for its employability favors routine monitoring and timely detection of delirium.

Objetivo. Determinar la validez y confiabilidad en su versión al español de Colombia de la escala de detección de delirium por enfermería (Nu-DESC, por sus siglas en inglés Nursing Delirium Screening Scale). Métodos. Estudio psicométrico, el cual midió la validez facial, de contenido, sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de la escala Nu-DESC. Resultados. La validez facial obtuvo un V de Aiken total de 0.89 y la validez de contenido mostró un índice Lawshe modificado de 0.92. Al aplicar Nu-DESC en 210 pacientes adultos hospitalizados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos se halló que 14.2% tuvo sospecha de delirium. El instrumento mostró una sensibilidad del 91.6%, especificidad de 95.6%, valor predictivo positivo de 73.3%, valor predictivo negativo de 98.8%, buena consistencia interna con α de Cronbach de 0.8 y buena concordancia según índice de Kappa de Cohen de 0.788. Conclusión.La versión en español para Colombia de la escala Nu-DESC tiene adecuados valores psicométricos para la valoración del riesgo de delirium. Además, esta escala es de fácil aplicación por lo que la adaptación del personal de enfermería para su empleabilidad favorece una rutinaria monitorización y detección oportuna del delirium.

Objetivo. Determinar a validade e a confiabilidade da versão colombiana em espanhol da escala de detecção de delirium em enfermagem (Nu-DESC, por sua sigla em inglês Nursing Delirium Screening Scale). Métodos. Estudo psicométrico, que mediu a validade facial, validade de conteúdo, sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos da escala Nu -DESC. Resultados. A validade facial obteve um V de Aiken total de 0.89 e a validade de conteúdo mostrou um índice de Lawshe modificado de 0.92. Ao aplicar o Nu-DESC em 210 pacientes adultos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, constatou-se que 14.2% apresentavam suspeita de delirium. O instrumento apresentou sensibilidade de 91.6%, especificidade de 95.6%, valor preditivo positivo de 73.3%, valor preditivo negativo de 98.8%, boa consistência interna com α de Cronbach de 0.8 e boa concordância segundo o índice Kappa de Cohen de 0.788. Conclusão.A versão em espanhol para a Colômbia da escala Nu-DESC possui valores psicométricos adequados para avaliação do risco de delirium.

Delirium related distress experienced by nurses / Distress nos enfermeiros relacionado com o Delirium / Distrés de los enfermeros relacionada con el Delirium

Abstract Background: Delirium is described as a distressful experience by patients and their families. Also, among healthcare staff, nurses caring for patients with delirium are the most at risk of high distress related to this syndrome. Aims: To assess nurses' distress related to delirium and its specific symptoms and severity. To identify factors nurses' sociodemographic and psychological characteristics and professional experience, that may be associated to this distress. Methods: A prospective study was carried out with nurses caring older adults with delirium in Intensive Care Medicine Service. Distress related to delirium, global psychological distress and burnout in nurses were measured with Delirium Experience Questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, respectively. Results: Eighteen nurses were included (mean age=32 years; 89% women). About 46% of the nurses classified the experience of caring for patients in delirium as moderately distressing. Disorientation and psychomotor agitation were the most distressing symptoms. High distress related to delirium was associated with greater personal (p=0.040) and work-related burnout (p=0.020), and more global psychological distress (p=0.007). Conclusion: Caring for patients with delirium is distressing for nurses, particularly if the disorientation and psychomotor agitation are present and if nurses presented high burnout or psychological distress. This study highlights the need for development of education and support strategies for all professionals dealing with these patients.

Resumo Contexto: O delirium é descrito como uma experiência angustiante pelos pacientes e famílias. Também entre os profissionais de saúde, os enfermeiros que cuidam destes doentes são os que correm maior risco de grande distress relacionado com esta síndrome. Objetivos: Avaliar o distress dos enfermeiros relacionado com o delirium, os seus sintomas específicos e gravidade. Identificar fatores sociodemográficos e psicológicos e experiência profissional dos enfermeiros, que podem estar associados a este distress. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo prospetivo com enfermeiros que cuidam de idosos com delirium no Serviço de Medicina Intensiva. O distress relacionado com o delirium, distress psicológico global e burnout em enfermeiros foram medidos com Questionário Experiência de Delirium, Escala Distress Psicológico de Kessler e Inventário Burnout de Copenhaga, respetivamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos dezoito enfermeiros (média=32 anos; 89% mulheres). Cerca de 46% dos enfermeiros classificaram a experiência de cuidar de pacientes em delirium como moderadamente distressing. A desorientação e a agitação psicomotora, foram os sintomas mais distressing. O elevado distress relacionado com o delirium foi associado a um maior burnout pessoal (p=0,040) e relacionado com o trabalho (p=0,020), e mais distress psicológico global (p=0,007). Conclusões: Cuidar de doentes com delirium é distressing para os enfermeiros, particularmente se desorientação e agitação psicomotora estiverem presentes e se os enfermeiros apresentarem um elevado burnout ou distress psicológico. Este estudo salienta a necessidade do desenvolvimento de estratégias de formação e apoio para todos os profissionais que lidem com estes pacientes.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los pacientes y sus familias describen el delirium como una experiencia angustiosa. También entre los profesionales de la salud, los enfermeros que atienden a estos pacientes son las que corren más riesgo de sufrir un gran distrés relacionado con este síndrome. Objetivos: Evaluar el distrés de los enfermeros relacionada con el delirium, sus síntomas específicos y gravedad. Identificar los factores sociodemográficos y psicológicos de los enfermeros y experiencia profesional que pueden estar asociados a este distrés. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo con los enfermeros que atendían a los pacientes ancianos con delirium en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Distrés relacionado con el delirium, distrés psicológico global y burnout en los enfermeros se midieron con Cuestionario Experiencia de Delirio, Escala Distrés Psicológico de Kessler y Inventario Burnout de Copenhague, respectivamente. Resultados: Se incluyeron dieciocho enfermeros (media=32 años;89% mujeres). Aproximadamente el 46% de los enfermeros calificaron la experiencia de atender a pacientes con delirium como moderadamente angustiosa. Desorientación y agitación psicomotriz fueron los síntomas con más distrés. Distrés relacionado con delirium se asoció con un mayor burnout personal (p=0,040) y laboral (p=0,020), y con más distrés psicológico global (p=0,007). Conclusión: El cuidado de los pacientes con delirium es angustioso para los enfermeros, en particular si hay desorientación y agitación psicomotriz y si los enfermeros tienen un alto grado de burnout o distrés psicológico. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de formación y apoyo para todos los profesionales que tratan con estos pacientes.

Delirio y su relación con la supervivencia en pacientes geriátricos con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención en México / Delirium and its relationship with survival in geriatric patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico / Delirium e sua relação com a sobrevida em pacientes geriátricos com pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2 em um Hospital Terciário no Mexico

Resumen: Introducción: un factor de riesgo asociado a complicaciones por COVID-19 es la edad mayor de 60 años, por otra parte, el delirio ha demostrado estar asociado a un incremento en la mortalidad por cualquier causa, convirtiéndolo en una condición médica de gravedad. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal y comparativo en pacientes mayores de 65 años con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2. Se calculó la probabilidad de supervivencia individual acumulada con el método de Kaplan-Meier con base en la presencia o ausencia de delirio durante su hospitalización, y mediante la prueba log-rank se identificó sí existía diferencia significativa de la supervivencia entre grupos. Resultados: se reclutaron 349 pacientes, la edad osciló entre 65 y 94 años con una media de 72.2; 266 (76.2%) no cursaron con delirio, mientras que 83 (23.7%) sí lo desarrollaron. En el seguimiento a 30 días, en el grupo de pacientes sin delirio hubo 118 defunciones (supervivencia de 55.6%) y en el grupo de pacientes con delirio hubo 56 defunciones (supervivencia de 32.5%), p = 0.000. Conclusión: la supervivencia en pacientes geriátricos con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 que desarrollan delirio es significativamente menor cuando se compara con aquéllos que no lo presentan.

Abstract: Introduction: a risk factor associated with complications from COVID-19 is age over 60 years, on the other hand, delirium has been shown to be associated with an increase in mortality from any cause, making it a serious medical condition. Material and methods: observational, retrospective, longitudinal and comparative study in patients older than 65 years with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The cumulative individual survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier metho d based on the presence or absence of delirium during hospitalization, and the log-rank test identified whether there was a significant difference in survival between groups. Results: 349 patients were recruited, the age ranged between 65 and 94 years, with a mean of 72.2; 266 (76.2%) did not develop delirium, while 83 (23.7%) did develop it. In the 30-day follow-up, there were 118 deaths in the group of patients without delirium (55.6% survival), and 56 deaths in the group of patients with delirium (32.5% survival), p = 0.000. Conclusion: survival in geriatric patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who develop delirium is significantly lower when compared to those who do not.

Resumo: Introdução: um fator de risco associado às complicações do COVID-19 é a idade acima de 60 anos, por outro lado, o delirium demonstrou estar associado ao aumento da mortalidade por qualquer causa, tornando-o uma condição médica grave. Material e métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal e comparativo em pacientes com mais de 65 anos com pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2. Calculou-se a probabilidade de sobrevida individual acumulada pelo método de Kaplan Meier com base na presença ou ausência de delirium durante a internação e pelo teste de Log-Rank para identificar se houve diferença significativa na sobrevida entre os grupos. Resultados: foram recrutados 349 pacientes, a idade variou entre 65 e 94 anos, com média de 72.2; 266 (76.2%) não apresentaram delirium, enquanto 83 (23.7%) o desenvolveram. No seguimento de 30 dias, houve 118 óbitos no grupo de pacientes sem delirium (sobrevida de 55.6%) e, no grupo de pacientes com delirium, 56 óbitos (sobrevida de 32.5%), p = 0.000. Conclusão: a sobrevida em pacientes geriátricos com pneumonia grave por SARS-CoV-2 que desenvolvem delirium é significativamente menor quando comparada àqueles que não desenvolvem.

Hospital admission and the occurrence of delirium in older adults with physical frailty: cross-sectional study / Ingreso hospitalario y aparición de delirio en adultos mayores con fragilidad física: estudio transversal / Internação hospitalar e a ocorrência de delirium em idosos na condição de fragilidade física: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the relationship between hospitalization and the occurrence of delirium in older adults with physical frailty. Method Cross-sectional study carried out in a public hospital in southern Brazil. Hospitalized older adults aged ≥ 60 years participated. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, physical frailty phenotype tests were performed and the Confusion Assessment Method was used. Descriptive analyzes were carried out and odds ratio values were estimated for the frailty and delirium variables. Results Of the 320 older adults evaluated, 21.14% presented delirium, 49% were identified as pre-frail and 36.2% as frail. Of those affected by delirium, 71.6% were classified as frail and 28.3% as pre-frail (p < 0.001). An association was observed between the occurrence of delirium and frailty (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.38), age ≥ 80 years (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.32), epilepsy (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.76), dementia (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.82), and history of stroke (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26). Conclusion There was a high frequency of pre-frail and frail older adults, and the occurrence of delirium in frail was significantly higher. Special attention should be paid to frail older adults to prevent the occurrence of delirium during hospitalization.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la relación entre la hospitalización y la aparición de delirio en adultos mayores con fragilidad física. Método Estudio transversal realizado en un hospital público del sur de Brasil. Participaron adultos mayores hospitalizados con edad ≥ 60 años. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, se realizaron pruebas de fenotipo de fragilidad física y se utilizó el Confusion Assessment Method. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se estimaron los odds ratio para las variables fragilidad y delirio. Resultados De los 320 adultos mayores evaluados, el 21,14% presentó delirio, el 49% fueron identificados como prefrágiles y el 36,2% como frágiles. De los adultos mayores afectados por delirio, el 71,6% fueron clasificados como frágiles y el 28,3% como prefrágiles (p < 0,001). Se observó asociación entre la aparición de delirio y fragilidad (OR 1,22; IC 95% 1,07 a 1,38), edad ≥ 80 años (OR 1,14; IC 95% 1,01 a 1,32), epilepsia (OR 1,38; IC 95% 1,09 a 1,76), demencia (OR 1,58; IC del 95%: 1,37 a 1,82) y antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular (OR 1,14; IC del 95%: 1,03 a 1,26). Conclusión Hubo una alta frecuencia de adultos mayores prefrágiles y frágiles y la aparición de delirio en los frágiles fue significativamente mayor. Se debe prestar especial atención a los adultos mayores frágiles para prevenir la aparición de delirio durante la hospitalización.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a relação entre hospitalização e ocorrência de delirium em idosos na condição de fragilidade física. Método Estudo transversal desenvolvido em hospital público no Sul do Brasil. Participaram idosos hospitalizados, idade ≥ 60 anos. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, e feitos testes do fenótipo da fragilidade física, bem como o Confusion Assessment Method. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e estimaram-se as odds ratio para as variáveis fragilidade e delirium. Resultados Dos 320 idosos avaliados, 21,14% apresentaram delirium, 49% foram identificados como pré-frágeis e 36,2% frágeis. Dos idosos acometidos por delirium, 71,6% foram classificados como frágeis e 28,3% pré-frágeis (p< 0,001). Observou-se associação entre ocorrência de delirium e fragilidade (OR 1,22; IC 95% 1,07 a 1,38), idade ≥ 80 anos (OR 1,14; IC 95% 1,01 a 1,32), epilepsia (OR 1,38; IC 95% 1,09 a 1,76), demência (OR 1,58; IC 95% 1,37 a 1,82), e história de acidente vascular encefálico (OR 1,14; IC 95% 1,03 a 1,26). Conclusão Observou-se alta frequência de idosos pré-frágeis e frágeis e ocorrência de delirium expressivamente maior nos frágeis. Atenção especial deve ser empregada a idosos frágeis para prevenir a ocorrência de delirium durante a hospitalização.